ABSTRACT
This review article highlights the importance of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines and how it has been developed to fight against various diseases such as, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), rabies, cancer treatments, and coronavirus (Covid-19). During the past two years, covid-19 has become a worldwide pandemic, and the mRNA has played a major role in the manufacturing of its vaccine. We have highlighted the technology behind the development of mRNA vaccine, synthesis, and working of the lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). This mRNA vaccine produces a duplicate of a molecule that corresponds to a viral protein for producing an immune response, and these are given to us in a series of shots designed to protect us from developing a disease. The LNPs which carry the mRNA protein prevent the degradation of it and maintain more constant serum levels. In addition, this review article specifically mentions HIV, rabies, cancer, covid-19 and how these are important in the treatment of these diseases. This review article further highlights the mRNA vaccines for the survival of human beings against various deadly diseases in the near future. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
To minimize the rate of death from COVID-19 and stop the disease from spreading early detection is vital. The normal RT-PCR tests for COVID-19 detection take a long time to complete. In contrast to this test, Covid-19 can be quickly detected using various machine-learning technologies. Previous studies only had access to smaller datasets, as COVID-19 data was not readily available back then. Since COVID-19 is a dangerous virus, the model needs to be robust and trustworthy, and the model must be trained on a large and diverse dataset. To overcome that problem, this study combines six publicly available Chest X-ray datasets to produce a larger and more diverse balanced dataset with a total of 68,424 images. In this study, we develop a CNN model that primarily entails two steps: (a) feature extraction and (b) classification, which are used to identify COVID-19 positive cases from X-ray images. The accuracy of this proposed model is 97.58%, which is higher than most state-of-the-art models. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
Human civilisation has experienced several epidemics like Cholera, Influenza, Malaria, Plague, and HIV/AIDS and witnessed its tragic consequences. The corona virus is a suddenly emerged tiniest but malignant virus which pause a great threat to the existence of global society. Due to its quickly infectious nature, people of the world have to develop the habit of social distancing for the survival of each other. Nowadays, Covid-19 is a newly emerged global pandemic that has resulted in the levitate of severe pressure, anxiety and tension and exceptional challenges among the masses of the entire world. The occurrence of COVID-19 for the first was seen in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019 and on 11th March 2020, this disease was declared as a pandemic by the WHO. Right now most of the countries of the world have been badly affected by this disease with a dramatic loss of lives of people across the world. It is said that due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the society of human being is facing so many numbers of different problems in their socio-political life. The economy of many countries was almost collapsed and the relationships among the countries are also gradually weakening politically. Therefore, through this study, try to attempt to point out the major impacts and consequences of the Covid-19 on the social, political, and economic dimensions of Assam.
ABSTRACT
The most discussed topic in today's world is COVID-19, an acute respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of its contagious transmission pattern, and morbimortality. The virus was originated by bats and in December 2019, first spread to humans by unknown intermediate species in Wuhan, China. The dramatic acceleration of the occurrence and death toll of COVID-19 with no potential medicine and vaccine are enough to explain its severity. This review summarizes multidisciplinary aspects of COVID-19, including origin, epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, pathogenicity, impact on world economy and advances in the use of modern diagnostic procedures and methods. Further, we analyzed extensively for various therapeutic strategies, potential drug options with prospective vaccine candidates and challenges along the way. All data were accumulated through extensive study of recent peer-reviewed publications and authentic reports until June 7, 2020. Collectively, this review would help to shed light on different dimensions of this ongoing pandemic.